Hypnosis is one of the most excellent tools in order to achieve a healthier mind and physic in one’s life. It is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests that a client, patient, or subject experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thought, or behavior. Publics’ knowledge of hypnosis is very limited, since there are not many scientific sources of information, and there exist many misunderstandings about this concept. This research’s collected data from two groups of people, first students and employees and then people in medical fields, has shown that those who have worked in medical fields are more familiar with hypnosis and how effective it can be. This can be understood based on the fact that hypnosis, considered as a science, is being taken more seriously in medical fields as it is being practiced as a helpful supporting treatment which can accommodate those medical procedures that deal with pain, stress, and anxiety.
When many people think of hypnosis, a picture comes to mind of a hypnotist waving a watch or a shiny object in front of a person and saying, “Relax, Relax”. However the scientific definition accepted by the American Psychological Association (APA) states that “hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests that a client, patient, or subject experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thought, or behavior” (Kirsch & Lynn, Essentials of Clinical Hypnosis, 2006, p.4). Hypnosis has been practiced in many clinical conditions, predominantly for the treatment of dissociative disorders, phobias, habit change, depression and post-traumatic syndromes and in today’s medical procedures its effectiveness has been strongly supported in many cases, for example, in pain management during dental procedures and faster recovery and minimizing stress for breast cancer patients. This research paper covers hypnosis on its theoretical and practical aspects, how it is being performed, and discusses the fact that how much do people know about this concept, and if it is reasonable to fear hypnosis.
History:
“The origins of hypnosis extend back to ancient temples of Aesculapius, the Greek God of medicine, where advice and reassurance uttered by priests to sleeping patients was interpreted by the patients as the gods speaking to them in their dreams”(hypnosis and psychological unconscious, Kihlstrom, Vol.2, 1998).
However this phenomenon goes all the way to 18th century when it was known as animal magnetism or mesmerism.
In 19th century in Europe, Jean Martin Charcot, a French neurologist, discussed that hypnosis is a reflection of a disorder of the central nervous system. To the contrary, A.A.Liebeault and Bernheim pointed the role of suggestibility in hypnosis procedures.
Sigmund Freud also developed his social theory of hypnosis after his observations of the suggestibility of hysterical patients under hypnosis.
The first systematic practical hypnosis was performed by P.C.Young at Harvard university in 1923. After World War II, the psychologists showed more interest in hypnosis. During this era, Hilgard’s studies helped establish hypnosis as a legal subject of science. Milton. H. Erickson’s work and many of his techniques about hypnosis also became very influential and fundamental in this field. In today’s world of psychology, hypnosis is clearly accepted and supported as a science and it has also branches out into other fields of medicine.
Hypnosis and Medicine:
Some of health care professionals in today’s medicine use hypnosis as a tool to create a calmer, and more relax condition for their patients under different medical procedures. Hypnosis is believed and practically proven to be able to minimize the pain with childbirth, help the body heal faster from surgery, lose less blood, and recover quicker.
“Hypnosis must be used in conjunction with and under the referral of a licensed medical professional” (Dr. McGrail, video jug, life experience on film, para.7). For instance a hypnotherapist must work with a medical professional like a physician, a dentist, a psychiatrist, or a psychotherapist. It has been proven by the clinical studies hypnosis can cope with the side effects of the chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer. (See Appendices).When people get sick or feel pain, they will refer the ache to their physical part however 15 to 25% of the recognition of ache is related to the physical perception and the rest is related to emotional aspect (Dr.McGrail, video jug, life experience on film,para.7). Hypnosis is a very powerful tool to lessen the effect of pain; it has been also very beneficial on therapy and meditation.
Hypnosis and meditation
Meditation and hypnosis have loads of similarities while if you consider the aim of these two concepts you will find them with different aims (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.7). When you are in the state of conscious by hypnosis the emotions you experience is the same feeling during this state with meditation (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.7). Albeit the feeling on the state of conscious is same but the duration of these tools are different (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.7). Hypnosis has been considered a short term therapy effect some change while meditation is used for long term and also in general comfort (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.7). It has been recommended to use meditation as a long term implement to uphold ones well-being (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.7). But the ambiguous aspect is: what would happen to the brain during hypnosis? Are there certain parts of the brain that are affected?
How hypnosis works
It has been stated by Dr.McGrail that the critical area of the brain goes to be unconscious while the emotional centers are affected, so, we are going to enter to the primitive state of mind (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.3). In this state our minds become more flexible and adaptable and considerably open to the suggestions. On the other point of view of Dr.McGrail, hypnotherapy considered a process of unlearning the unwanted subjects and relearning new wanted behaviors, reactions and so forth, that is how it works (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.3).
Hypnosis and modifying your behavior
When babies born they have only two fear responses; the fear of falling and the fear of noise. Beside these they also have the ability to feel love. Interestingly their ego, attitudes, beliefs, norms, values and every thing that make them feel anger, fear, sadness, guilty and so forth are learned. When you are a child and you experienced something, you perceive it through your senses and by repetition, or if the experience is traumatic enough, can get hard-wired into your brain and it becomes an automatic pattern for you, so how can hypnosis modify it? As Dr.McGrail has stated that “What we basically say is we unlearn the old patterns, the old responses, the old negative behaviors, and then we reteach the mind, in a very suggestible state, the new patterns” (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.8)., So it is a process of unlearning and relearning through hypnosis (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.8). In this process you will experience positive feeling during hypnosis.
Under going hypnosis
Based on experiences that have done by Dr.McGrail there is not usually the specific preparation for hypnosis, you just have to try not to be tired and make sure that you have a list of issues you want to work and concentrate on it (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.4). When you are in hypnosis you feel extremely relaxed, focused, concentrate and also mellow. You have a very wonderful sense of peace and tranquility (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.4). He has also mentioned that after hypnosis you may feel disoriented for a few minutes, but a after that you feel relax and euphoric. The fact that whether hypnosis is safe or not and also are you aware of what you are doing has been clear by hypnotherapies.
Consciousness and safety during hypnosis
According to the Dr.McGrai, “Hypnosis is natural state of consciousness” (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.11). The easiest way to describe how your consciousness is various under hypnosis is to imagine you are watching a really, really superior movie. You are alert and aware but there is a dreadful in your environment that you are not paying attention to, you feel very focused and the brain is quiets itself if you want, you can say it is like drugs without a hang over and it is not addictive (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.11). While some people may think they will loose their consciousness but the reality is something different, you never loose your consciousness. “If you were to loose your consciousness, you would be asleep. Deep hypnosis is the next step away from sleep” (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.11). There is also this idea that hypnosis may carry some sort of risks. It has been clinically proven that hypnosis is absolutely safe same as watching the movie, why? Because it is a natural state of consciousness. You are experiencing hypnosis several times a day. What you see on the stage show that people are doing zany thing that you might think they are out of control or they might lost their minds is because they want to, they want to be part of the show. In this procedure no one can not take control of your mind because you are always aware of every thing thus, hypnosis procedure is entirely safe (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para11).
The ability of being hypnotize
Based on the article “Hypnosis and psychological unconsciousness” written by Kihlstrom, “there are large individual differences in response to hypnosis” (vol.2, 1998). The author also has stated that the capacity or talent has more to do with hypnosis comparing with technique. Kirsch and Lynne has stated on their book “Essentials of Clinical Hypnosis” that, “The ability to experience hypnotic phenomenon does not indicate gullibility or weakness” (2006, p.33).they also have mentioned that efforts and abilities of the subject is more important and considerable than the skill of hypnotist (2006, p.33). According to the clinical studies, most people virtually can be hypnotized (Kihlstrom, Hypnosis and psychological unconsciousness, vol.2, 1998). Moreover Dr.McGrail has stated the same thing that almost every one can experience the hypnosis (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.3). Kihlstrom has mentioned in his article that you can be more easily hypnotize when you are adolescence and after you getting old this aptitude will be decrease however (Hypnosis and psychological unconsciousness, vol.2, 1998), however Dr.McGrail believe that ever the belief that if you are not very intelligent or brave and young enough you can not be hypnotize is totally not true. In addition he has stated that the more you will be open to experience hypnosis the more easily you can be hypnotize (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.3). On the other hand in today’s medical procedures its effectiveness has been strongly supported in many cases, for example, in pain management during dental procedures and faster recovery and minimizing stress for breast cancer patients.
Hypnosis in dentistry and breast cancer
Hypnosis is often misunderstood. People are curious to know how it can help them and the fact is what hypnosis do is to prepare them for something, whatever it may be. Hypnosis in dentistry is similar to hypnosis in medicine. Dentistry is obviously a medical term, the only different is that it just limited on the mouth. According to the Dr.McGrail, using hypnosis before the process of dentistry as an analgesic or an anesthetic could help the patient to feel less pain and reduce swelling, blood loss (video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.2). If you are afraid on dentist procedure probably you have experienced and learned it in childhood. By hypnosis we help you to take a control of your mind and desensitize that fear. You have input which is dentist and output which is your fear, when you get hypnotize we block the way that you think. You thought dentist equal fear because you learn it. So, we unlearned your output and replace it with the positive thinks like: I am going to take care of my mouth and so forth. Therefore by hypnosis they help the patient retrain their mind to reframe your feeling in the process of going to dentist (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.2).
According to the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis “new restrictions on the use of general anaesthetics in dentistry following a string of death are a good argument for hypnosis to be made available to many more people” (Hypnotizing the pain away, BBC news, Sat. Apr. 24, 1999). Another area that hypnosis could be very useful is in breast cancer. According to a study published in the journal of the National Cancer Institute “the use of hypnosis prior to breast cancer surgery reduced the amount of anesthesia administered during the operation, the level of pain reported afterwards, and the time and cost of the procedure” (Women’s health weekly, Sep13, 2007, p.16). They give the patients suggestions on how to reduce the pain and fatigue and teach them how to perform the self-hypnosis in order to achieve fewer anesthesias before surgery (Women’s health weekly, Sep13, 2007, p.16). Moreover, it has been published at the Women’s health weekly they spent less time in surgery approximately 11 minutes less and also the expense of their surgery were reduced by almost $773 each patient, because of saving the time ( Sep 13, 2007, p.16).
Choosing a Qualified Hypnosis
Hypnosis is not a regulated line of work; there are lots of schools around the world. You can learn in three days but, the question is: can you really do it? “Learning how to induce hypnosis is one thing and learning hypnotherapy is another thing” (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.9). So on finding a capable hypnotherapist you should look for the answer of the following questions: “what was your training like?” “How long have you trained?” “Do you work with physician and other medical professionals? (Dr.McGrail, video jug, n.d, life explained on film, para.9). These are the criteria that you could keep in your mind in finding skilled hypnotherapies.
Method
I have done the survey regarding on my topic. In this survey my subject is people who are living in Canada. I have asked 40 people between the age of 18 to 56 to help me with my survey that 17 of them are males and 23 of them are females. Although, all of them are living in Canada but, they are from dissimilar countries. Nearly from 13 different countries such as: Iran, Iraq, Canada, Vietnam, Ukraine, Korea, China, Sudan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, France, Pakistan and India. Around 40% of them are single, 5% divorce and 50% married. I divided my survey to 3 groups of people, first group are student who are studying in University or academic programs, the second group are people who are working in different professions except medical terms such as: Dealer, Owner of subway, Wedding planner, Engineer, Photographer, Hair dresser, Teacher and Real state. The third group are people who are working in different medical terms such as: Physician, Nurse, Pharmacist, Optician and Dentist.
As you can see in appendices section I prepared 4 questions in order to figure out the universal knowledge of people about the concept of hypnosis in two aspects of practical and theoretical.
The important point that I would like to mention here is that, every respond that has given by people on this survey has been concerned with their profession.
The first question was to figure out that, what is the general idea of people about hypnosis? When you say the word “hypnosis” what will occur to their minds?
The second question prepared in order to achieve this aim that, what is the sensation of people toward this procedure?
The third question provides your feeling after being hypnotize, also, it shows me if you really have experienced hypnosis or not.
The fourth question is a tough one. This query let me see the areas that hypnosis has a positive effect based on your definition you had given from the first question.
I have collected this survey in various ways. The students from “YUELI” help me on this survey, also, I mailed this survey to a friend of mine who is working in Toronto as an audiologist and asked her to give some to her colleagues to give me a hand on this review and mail the responds to me. I went to the office of my family doctor which is located in a building that some opticians and dentist are working and there was a Shoppers Drug Mart down the building as well. I asked my father to give some of these papers to his friends. I called a number of my relatives that are working in different areas such as wedding planner, real state and so forth to give me a hand. Finally I went to Sunnybrook hospital to ask some nurses to help me on this survey.
Discussion
Hypnosis is a short term treatment which can be simply defined as unlearning an old pattern and responses, and relearning those concepts in new ways. It is a safe procedure and majority of people can go under this treatment. In fact hypnosis is being used in many medical fields.
Despite the common knowledge, hypnosis is not a mysterious concept. Because of limited accessible sources of information, people are not familiar with hypnosis and how it is effective. The data collected from two main groups of people, first students and employees and then people in medical fields, has shown expected results. Students and employees expected hypnosis to be an out of ordinary process. They did not believe that hypnosis will work, and they feared the state that the person goes into during hypnosis.
On the other hand, people who work in different medical fields were somehow familiar with this concept. They mostly knew how positive its outcome can be. However a small percentage of people in these two groups had gone under hypnosis. Those people express their feeling as being content and relief after the procedure.
Today hypnosis is becoming more practical in medicine procedures. Physicians are taking hypnosis and its help more seriously. It is being more understood as a link between psychology and biology, as it is being considered a very powerful tool that accommodates medicine.
References:
1. Gurgevich, Clinical Hypnosis and Surgery, vol.6, Oct 2003, p.109-120.
2. Hypnotizing the pain away, BBC, Sat. Apr. 24, 1999, p.1-3.
3. Jetter, The healing power of hypnosis, vol.58, Mar 2006, p.150, 152-157, 179-183.
4. Kihlstrom, Hypnosis and the Psychological Unconscious, Academic Press, vol.2, 1998,
p. 467-477. Available: http://www.institute-shot.com
5. Kirsch & Lynne, Essentials of Clinical Hypnosis, 2006.
6. McGrail, n.d, Life Explained on Film.
Available: http://www.videojug.com/interview/hypnosis-and-dentistry
7. Montgomery, Breast Cancer, Hypnosis Reduces Pain and Costs in Breast Cancer Surgery, Women’s Health Weekly, Sep 13, 2007, p.16.
8. Sunnen, Miscellaneous Medical Applications of Hypnosis, n.d, p.1-11
Available: http://www.triroc.com/sunnen/topics/medap.htm
Thursday, October 18, 2007
Monday, October 8, 2007
HYPNOSIS
Hypnosis and Medicine:
Some of health care professionals in today’s medicine use hypnosis as a tool to create a calmer, and more relax condition for their patients under different medical procedures. Hypnosis is believed and practically proven to be able to minimize the pain with childbirth, help the body heal faster from surgery, lose less blood, and recover quicker.
“Hypnosis must be used in conjunction with and under the referral of a licensed medical professional” (video jug, life experience on film, Dr. J. McGrail). For instance a hypnotherapist must work with a medical professional like a physician, a dentist, a psychiatrist, or a psychotherapist. It has been proven by the clinical studies hypnosis can cope with the side effects of the chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer.(graph)????
When people get sick or feel pain, they will refer the ache to their physical part however 15 to 25% of the recognition of ache is related to the physical perception and the rest is related to emotional aspect (video jug, life experience on film, Dr. J. McGrail). Hypnosis is a very powerful tool to lessen the effect of pain; it has been also very beneficial on therapy and meditation.
Hypnosis and therapy
There is this general idea that hypnosis is the same as therapy. “Hypnosis is not therapy. Hypnosis is a state of consciousness” (video jug, life experience on film, Dr. J. McGrail).
Hypnosis and meditation
Meditation and hypnosis have loads of similarities while if you consider the aim of these two concepts you will find them with different aims. When you are in the state of conscious by hypnosis the emotions you experience is the same feeling during this state with meditation. Albeit the feeling on the state of conscious is same but the duration of these tools are different. Hypnosis has been considered a short term therapy effect some change while meditation is used for long term and also in general comfort. It has been recommended to use meditation as a long term implement to uphold ones well-being. But the ambiguous aspect is: what would happen to the brain during hypnosis? Are there certain parts of the brain that are affected?
Some of health care professionals in today’s medicine use hypnosis as a tool to create a calmer, and more relax condition for their patients under different medical procedures. Hypnosis is believed and practically proven to be able to minimize the pain with childbirth, help the body heal faster from surgery, lose less blood, and recover quicker.
“Hypnosis must be used in conjunction with and under the referral of a licensed medical professional” (video jug, life experience on film, Dr. J. McGrail). For instance a hypnotherapist must work with a medical professional like a physician, a dentist, a psychiatrist, or a psychotherapist. It has been proven by the clinical studies hypnosis can cope with the side effects of the chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer.(graph)????
When people get sick or feel pain, they will refer the ache to their physical part however 15 to 25% of the recognition of ache is related to the physical perception and the rest is related to emotional aspect (video jug, life experience on film, Dr. J. McGrail). Hypnosis is a very powerful tool to lessen the effect of pain; it has been also very beneficial on therapy and meditation.
Hypnosis and therapy
There is this general idea that hypnosis is the same as therapy. “Hypnosis is not therapy. Hypnosis is a state of consciousness” (video jug, life experience on film, Dr. J. McGrail).
Hypnosis and meditation
Meditation and hypnosis have loads of similarities while if you consider the aim of these two concepts you will find them with different aims. When you are in the state of conscious by hypnosis the emotions you experience is the same feeling during this state with meditation. Albeit the feeling on the state of conscious is same but the duration of these tools are different. Hypnosis has been considered a short term therapy effect some change while meditation is used for long term and also in general comfort. It has been recommended to use meditation as a long term implement to uphold ones well-being. But the ambiguous aspect is: what would happen to the brain during hypnosis? Are there certain parts of the brain that are affected?
Sunday, September 30, 2007
SMOKING CESSATION
According to the Lynne and Kirsch (2006,p.81) hypnosis is the method that perhaps give us the best result in order to help the patient to over come with the habit of smoking. In sequence to achieve this result Lynne and Kirsch believe that by using the “Treatment Component” during the sessions patient be capable of cope with the routine of smoking.(2006,p.82-83).
A number of this components are as the following order
* Hypnosis as self-hypnosis
* Cognitive and behavioral skills
* Enhancing motivation and self-efficacy
* Relapse prevention and gain maintenance
* Contracting and social support
Lynne and Kirsch has convinced that given the cognitive behavioral techniques are operative in the treatment of smoking cessation, it could be a comprehensive treatment.(2006,p.81).
In the other point of view of authors(Lynne and Kirsch,2006,p.96), considering the treatment on the aspect of experimental and clinical for each person it should provide the specific suggestions in order to cope with his/her thoughts of smoking and this result often would not show after 5 sessions . The authors has stated that there are a lot of methods such as video taping and two-chairs that individual involves a motivation to leads a patient confirm that they are nonsmoker(Lynne and Kirsch,2006,p96-97).
CRITIQUE
As the authors, Lynne and Kirsch intended in their book “Essential of Clinical Hypnosis“(2006,p96), patients could over come on their habit of smoking by going through the specific hypnosis program which surprisingly involved a number of different method that all are working on words, challenging questions and also on the cognitive behavioral of them in order to make an strong motivation to reach the complete satisfaction. For me it was fairly a surprise that how effective could be for your health and brain if you use strong and clear sentences along process of hypnosis in order to rebuttals your smoking habit.
According to the Lynne and Kirsch (2006,p.81) hypnosis is the method that perhaps give us the best result in order to help the patient to over come with the habit of smoking. In sequence to achieve this result Lynne and Kirsch believe that by using the “Treatment Component” during the sessions patient be capable of cope with the routine of smoking.(2006,p.82-83).
A number of this components are as the following order
* Hypnosis as self-hypnosis
* Cognitive and behavioral skills
* Enhancing motivation and self-efficacy
* Relapse prevention and gain maintenance
* Contracting and social support
Lynne and Kirsch has convinced that given the cognitive behavioral techniques are operative in the treatment of smoking cessation, it could be a comprehensive treatment.(2006,p.81).
In the other point of view of authors(Lynne and Kirsch,2006,p.96), considering the treatment on the aspect of experimental and clinical for each person it should provide the specific suggestions in order to cope with his/her thoughts of smoking and this result often would not show after 5 sessions . The authors has stated that there are a lot of methods such as video taping and two-chairs that individual involves a motivation to leads a patient confirm that they are nonsmoker(Lynne and Kirsch,2006,p96-97).
CRITIQUE
As the authors, Lynne and Kirsch intended in their book “Essential of Clinical Hypnosis“(2006,p96), patients could over come on their habit of smoking by going through the specific hypnosis program which surprisingly involved a number of different method that all are working on words, challenging questions and also on the cognitive behavioral of them in order to make an strong motivation to reach the complete satisfaction. For me it was fairly a surprise that how effective could be for your health and brain if you use strong and clear sentences along process of hypnosis in order to rebuttals your smoking habit.
Sunday, September 23, 2007
Institute for the Study of Health Organization & Transactions
Can anyone be Hypnotized?
According to this article which has derived from “ Hypnosis and the Psychological Unconscious”
by Kihlstrom (Academic Press, 1998), most of the people could be Hypnotized in a medium
degree, The author has mentioned that the point which hypnotizability could be improve or not
is still controversy (Kihlstrom, Academic Press, 1998)
What Happens During Hypnosis?
The first session of hypnosis begins with the process of being relax, concentrate on an Object
and along this procedure they can use the meditation to help them for a better Achievement.
( Kihlstrom, Academic Press, 1998)
Does the Ability to be Hypnotize Vary with Age?
Hypnotizability reaches its peak at the beginning of adulthood while we are seeing this is
decreasing by aging through middle age and elderly people (Kihlstrom, Academic Press,1998 ).
Can I Hypnotize Myself?
Having specific role by individuals makes it clear that all hypnosis is self-hypnosis. The role of
hypnotist is just working with you as a tutor or coach.( Kihlstrom, Academic Press, 1998 ).
Is the Ability to be Hypnotized Related to Personality?
On this point of view the author Kihlstrom (Academic Press, 1998) is pointing out that there is
no relationship between hypnotizability and intelligence or alteration.
What Happens to Brain During Hypnosis?
Kihlstrom,(Academic Press, 1998) has researched that the left hemisphere is related to analytic
and the right one to nonanalytic issues, Thus is lead us to guess that the reaction while being
hypnotized is effected by right hemisphere activity.
How do People Become Hypnotists and Who is Reputable?
As the author has convinced above all hypnosis is self-hypnosis consequently anyone Can be
hypnotize, because the natural ability of doing it depends on the person being Hypnotized.
( Kihlstrom, Academic, Press, 1998 ).
Can anyone be Hypnotized?
According to this article which has derived from “ Hypnosis and the Psychological Unconscious”
by Kihlstrom (Academic Press, 1998), most of the people could be Hypnotized in a medium
degree, The author has mentioned that the point which hypnotizability could be improve or not
is still controversy (Kihlstrom, Academic Press, 1998)
What Happens During Hypnosis?
The first session of hypnosis begins with the process of being relax, concentrate on an Object
and along this procedure they can use the meditation to help them for a better Achievement.
( Kihlstrom, Academic Press, 1998)
Does the Ability to be Hypnotize Vary with Age?
Hypnotizability reaches its peak at the beginning of adulthood while we are seeing this is
decreasing by aging through middle age and elderly people (Kihlstrom, Academic Press,1998 ).
Can I Hypnotize Myself?
Having specific role by individuals makes it clear that all hypnosis is self-hypnosis. The role of
hypnotist is just working with you as a tutor or coach.( Kihlstrom, Academic Press, 1998 ).
Is the Ability to be Hypnotized Related to Personality?
On this point of view the author Kihlstrom (Academic Press, 1998) is pointing out that there is
no relationship between hypnotizability and intelligence or alteration.
What Happens to Brain During Hypnosis?
Kihlstrom,(Academic Press, 1998) has researched that the left hemisphere is related to analytic
and the right one to nonanalytic issues, Thus is lead us to guess that the reaction while being
hypnotized is effected by right hemisphere activity.
How do People Become Hypnotists and Who is Reputable?
As the author has convinced above all hypnosis is self-hypnosis consequently anyone Can be
hypnotize, because the natural ability of doing it depends on the person being Hypnotized.
( Kihlstrom, Academic, Press, 1998 ).
Sunday, September 16, 2007
HYPNOSIS
According to the authors of the book “Essentials of Clinical Hypnosis” Lynn and Kirsch (2006, p.3-4), they have agreed on the following description of hypnosis, which has been originally adopted by Division 30(Society of Psychological Hypnosis) of the American Psychological Association (APA):
Hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests that a client, patient, or subject experience changes in sensation, perception, thoughts, or behavior. The hypnotic context is generally established by an induction procedure.
The authors have described that, people showed different reaction to hypnosis. (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.4). Some of them have responded to hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness while others described hypnosis as a normal state of focused attention that, they feel very relax and calm. (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.4). In addition Kirsch has convinced that person’s ability to experience hypnosis could be prevented by different facts such as fears and phobia. (1994a, pp.142-143).
It has been explained by Kirsch (2006, p.5) that, hypnosis is not a kind of therapy, like psychoanalysis, It is a process of making therapy easier. (1994a, pp.142-143).
History OF HYPNOSIS
The origin use of the word Hypnosis extends back to the 19th century British physician James Braid (1843). (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.6). But, the phenomenon that hypnosis refers and it is well known for a half a century comes under the names; animal magnetism or mesmerism. (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.6).
Some Facts about Hypnosis
The following tips will give you more information and knowledge about, whether to use hypnosis or not. (Lynn, kirsch, Neufeld, and Rhue, 1996; Nash, 2001):
■ Hypnosis is not a dangerous process if practiced by qualified clinicians and researchers
(see Lynn, Martin, and Frauman, 1996).
■ The procedure of hypnosis is not a sleeplike state (Banyai, 1991).
■Those people who has experienced this process never described it as a trance but, as an
Strong attention on suggested events. (McConkey, 1986).
■ Hypnosis depends more on the attempts and abilities of the subject not on the skill of
the hypnotist. (Hilgard, 1965).
■ Hypnosis does not help you to increase the credit and reliability of one’s memory
(Lynn, Lock, Myers, and Payne, 1997).
According to the authors of the book “Essentials of Clinical Hypnosis” Lynn and Kirsch (2006, p.3-4), they have agreed on the following description of hypnosis, which has been originally adopted by Division 30(Society of Psychological Hypnosis) of the American Psychological Association (APA):
Hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests that a client, patient, or subject experience changes in sensation, perception, thoughts, or behavior. The hypnotic context is generally established by an induction procedure.
The authors have described that, people showed different reaction to hypnosis. (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.4). Some of them have responded to hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness while others described hypnosis as a normal state of focused attention that, they feel very relax and calm. (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.4). In addition Kirsch has convinced that person’s ability to experience hypnosis could be prevented by different facts such as fears and phobia. (1994a, pp.142-143).
It has been explained by Kirsch (2006, p.5) that, hypnosis is not a kind of therapy, like psychoanalysis, It is a process of making therapy easier. (1994a, pp.142-143).
History OF HYPNOSIS
The origin use of the word Hypnosis extends back to the 19th century British physician James Braid (1843). (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.6). But, the phenomenon that hypnosis refers and it is well known for a half a century comes under the names; animal magnetism or mesmerism. (Lynn and Kirsch, 2006, p.6).
Some Facts about Hypnosis
The following tips will give you more information and knowledge about, whether to use hypnosis or not. (Lynn, kirsch, Neufeld, and Rhue, 1996; Nash, 2001):
■ Hypnosis is not a dangerous process if practiced by qualified clinicians and researchers
(see Lynn, Martin, and Frauman, 1996).
■ The procedure of hypnosis is not a sleeplike state (Banyai, 1991).
■Those people who has experienced this process never described it as a trance but, as an
Strong attention on suggested events. (McConkey, 1986).
■ Hypnosis depends more on the attempts and abilities of the subject not on the skill of
the hypnotist. (Hilgard, 1965).
■ Hypnosis does not help you to increase the credit and reliability of one’s memory
(Lynn, Lock, Myers, and Payne, 1997).
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